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Clinical Trial Units

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Clinical Trial Units

30 Years of Clinical Trial Experience and Deep CNS Expertise

It all comes down to proof of concept – demonstrating safety, efficacy, and feasibility. With more than 30 years of experience in conducting first-in-human (FIH) and other early-phase clinical pharmacology studies, we provide high-quality services for Phase I–IV trials. Our work is tailored to each customer’s needs, adapting to your requirements and priorities within established regulatory, medical, and scientific frameworks.

Our customers – biotech and pharmaceutical companies as well as other CROs  – can benefit from our two centrally located clinical trial units in Finland, which support faster subject recruitment and ensure consistently high data quality.

We have special experience in trials related to CNS, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and gastroenterology. In addition, we offer comprehensive expertise across many other therapeutic areas through strong links with specialists in hospitals and private clinics.

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Our clinical trial units

Turku, Finland
Our Clinic in Turku is located in the heart of the Kupittaa university and hospital campus, with up to 47 000 students. Here we have access to the infrastructure of the University Hospital, including emergency room beds, world-leading imaging capabilities (PET, fMRI, ultrasound) and a clinical safety laboratory. Our clinical trial unit staff in Turku includes investigators, study nurses, research coordinators, research psychologists, project managers, and personnel for QA activities.

Helsinki, Finland
The Clinical Trial Unit in Helsinki is located in the Technopolis building in Ruoholahti. It is located close to the city center, with convenient access by public transport. Here vi can conduct Phase I-III trials as a study site, or act as a supporting satellite site for our clinical trial site in Turku. Our staff in Helsinki includes investigators, study nurses, research coordinators and research psychologists.

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Successful study subject recruitment

Link Medical has the capacity to recruit healthy volunteers and outpatients, even for some very challenging types of studies, within agreed timelines. Our site in Turku is for instance located on the campus of Turku Science Park, within a few blocks from the University of Turku and Turku University Hospital. This makes the trial unit location ideal for subject recruitment. The large student population of Turku provides a large, renewable pool of healthy young volunteers.

The uniform, high-level public health care system of Finland and the research-friendly attitude of its population provide good prerequisites for clinical research. Protocol adherence and treatment compliance are usually excellent.

The Turku region has about 350 000 inhabitants, and the capital region of Finland centered in Helsinki has over 1.5 million inhabitants, making our clinical trial units in both Turku and Helsinki easily accessible for over half of the Finnish population.

Visit our website for information on recruitment of participants (in Finnish)

CONTRACT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION – CRO

Phase I / First-in-Human

With our two in-house state-of-the-art clinical trial we provide full-service Phase I trial packages, from study design to final reports, with over 30 years of experience.

Our Phase I expertise includes clinical pharmacology studies in healthy volunteers and patients. We provide tailored service solutions, adapting to the customer’s requirements and priorities in the context of established regulatory, medical and scientific frameworks. We also provide the scientific, clinical pharmacology and clinical expertise required for successful achievement of study objectives. We have experience in small-molecule New Chemical Entities (NCE), biological drugs and vaccines.

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We have experience with the following study types:

Contact us for consultation on study design approaches, selecting the right clinical setting, and establishing clinical study protocols for Phase I studies.

  • Phase I studies
  • First-in-Human (Single and Multiple Ascending Doses)
  • Food effect studies
  • Bioequivalence and comparative bioavailability studies
  • Biosimilars
  • Drug interaction studies
  • Formulation studies (incl. i.v., inhaled drugs, transdermal delivery, biologicals, vaccines)
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
  • Imaging studies (PET, fMRI)
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Phase II, III and IV Clinical Studies

Our team delivers comprehensive site services across Finland, supporting clinical studies with a strong focus on quality, efficiency and patient care.

We have extensive experience from a wide range of therapeutic areas, including CNS, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, vaccines, gastroenterology, and PET imaging.

Our services include:

  • Project management
  • Regulatory and ethics committee submissions
  • Patient recruitment
  • Clinical trial execution
  • IMP handling and storage
  • Laboratory services
  • Study questionnaires and assessment scales (e.g. MMSE, CDR, CSSR, R-BANS)
  • Imaging services such as PET, MRI and CT scans

CRST operates according to SOP-based quality management systems, with ICH GCP serving as the primary guideline. Our QA and QC teams consist of highly experienced professionals, and all clinical staff undergo mandatory GCP training. To maintain consistently high standards, we conduct regular internal audits throughout our operations.

Scientific publications

2025
Ahuja N, Kääriäinen S, Lovró Z, Mia Lundblad, Kristina Drott, Elsa Lilienberg, Marica T Engström, Karla Saukkonen, Scheinin M et al. Combined Immediate-Release and Extended-Release Formulation of Sodium Valproate Provides Stable Plasma Levels for Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.1555

2024
Hyöty H, Kääriäinen S, Laiho JE, Comer GM, Tian W, Härkönen T, Lehtonen JP, Oikarinen S, Puustinen L, Snyder M, León F, Scheinin M, et al. Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of PRV-101, a multivalent vaccine targeting coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) associated with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase I trial. Diabetologia (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06092-w

2023
Mummery, C.J., Börjesson-Hanson, A., Blackburn, D.J., Vijverberg, E.G.B., De Deyn, P.P., Ducharme S., Jonsson M., Schneider A., Rinne J.O., et al. Tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide MAPTRx in mild Alzheimer’s disease: a phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nat Med (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02326-3

Hana Florian and others, on behalf of the Aware Investigators, Tilavonemab in early Alzheimer’s disease: results from a phase 2, randomized, double-blind study, Brain, Volume 146, Issue 6, June 2023, Pages 2275-2284, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad024

Max Kiugel and others, Coronary subclavian steal syndrome due to thrombosis of the left subclavian artery aneurysm: a case report, European Heart Journal – Case Reports, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2023, ytad015, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytad015

2022
Laaksonen N, Bengtström M, Axelin A, Blomster J, Scheinin M, Huupponen R. Success and failure factors of patient recruitment for industry-sponsored clinical trials and the role of the electronic health records-a qualitative interview study in the Nordic countries. Trials. 2022;23:385. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06144-9.

Malaspina S, Taimen P, Kallajoki M, Oikonen V, Kuisma A, Ettala O, Mattila K, Boström PJ, Minn H, Kalliokoski K, Postema EJ, Miller MP, Scheinin M. Uptake of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 in Positron Emission Tomography imaging of prostate cancer: a Phase 1 Proof-of-Concept study. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2022;37:205-213. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0322.

Scheinin M, Lovró Z, Maadik IH, Suopanki-Lalowski J, Seyedagha SH, Azhdarzadeh M. A randomized pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of the potential biosimilar interferon beta-1a product, CinnoVex®. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2022;22:169-178. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1895745.

2021
Laaksonen N, Bengtström M, Axelin A, Blomster J, Scheinin M, Huupponen R. Clinical trial site identification practices and the use of electronic health records in feasibility evaluations: An interview study in the Nordic countries. Clin Trials. 2021;18:724-731. doi: 10.1177/17407745211038512.

Mäkelä SM, Forssten SD, Kailajärvi M, Langén VL, Scheinin M, Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 on gastrointestinal inflammation induced by a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87:4625-4635. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14880.

Malaspina S, Oikonen V, Kuisma A, Ettala O, Mattila K, Boström PJ, Minn H, Kalliokoski K, Postema EJ, Miller MP, Scheinin M. Kinetic analysis and optimisation of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET imaging of prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:3723-3731. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05346-8.

Schuppan D, Mäki M, Lundin KEA, Isola J, Friesing-Sosnik T, Taavela J, Popp A, Koskenpato J, Langhorst J, Hovde Ø, Lähdeaho ML, Fusco S, Schumann M, Török HP, Kupcinskas J, Zopf Y, Lohse AW, Scheinin M, Kull K, Biedermann L, Byrnes V, Stallmach A, Jahnsen J, Zeitz J, Mohrbacher R, Greinwald R; CEC-3 Trial Group. A randomized trial of a transglutaminase 2 inhibitor for celiac disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:35-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032441.

Scheinin M, Junnila J, Reiner G, MacDonald A, Muntau AC. Nitrogen balance after the administration of a prolonged-release protein substitute for phenylketonuria as a single dose in healthy volunteers. Nutrients. 2021;13:3189. doi: 10.3390/nu13093189.

Tolvanen T, Kalliokoski K, Malaspina S, Kuisma A, Lahdenpohja S, Postema EJ, Miller MP, Scheinin M. Safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 in healthy adult volunteers. J Nucl Med. 2021;62:679-684. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.252114.

Vainio PJ, Hietasalo P, Koivisto AL, Kääriäinen S, Turunen J, Virtala M, Vuorinen J, Scheinin M. Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of adult patients with Covid-19 infection in a primary care setting (LIBERTY): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22:44. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04989-6.

2020
Shahid M, Rinne JO, Scheinin M, Virta J, Marjamäki P, Solin O, Arponen E, Sallinen J, Kuokkanen K, Rouru J: Application of the PET ligand [11C]ORM-13070 to examine receptor occupancy by the α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist ORM-12741: translational validation of target engagement in rat and human brain. EJNMMI Res 2020;10:152 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-020-00741-y

Scheinin M, Barassi A, Junnila J, Lovró Z, Reiner G, Sarkkinen E, MacDonald A. Amino acid plasma profiles from a prolonged-release protein substitute for phenylketonuria: A randomized, single-dose, four-way crossover trial in healthy volunteers. Nutrients. 2020;12:1653. doi: 10.3390/nu12061653.

Laaksonen N, Varjonen JM, Blomster M, Palomäki A, Vasankari T, Airaksinen J, Huupponen R, Scheinin M, Blomster J. Assessing an Electronic Health Record research platform for identification of clinical trial participants. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020;21:100692. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100692.

Ståhle, M., Kytö, V., Kiugel, M. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression after myocardial infarction: Imaging study using 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 27, 2386–2397 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-018-01547-1

Autio, A., Uotila, S., Kiugel, M. et al. 68Ga-DOTA chelate, a novel imaging agent for assessment of myocardial perfusion and infarction detection in a rodent model. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 27, 891–898 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-019-01752-6

2019
Dahl T, Chen LB, Scheinin M, Suopanki-Lalowski J, Valge M, Puhakka A, Mikola H, Lovró Z, Meierjohann A, Vuorilehto L, Roth T. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of SM-1, a triple-drug combination to increase total sleep time. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2019;34:e2716. doi: 10.1002/hup.2716.

Lähdeaho ML, Scheinin M, Vuotikka P, Taavela J, Popp A, Laukkarinen J, Koffert J, Koivurova OP, Pesu M, Kivelä L, Lovró Z, Keisala J, Isola J, Parnes JR, Leon F, Mäki M. Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in adults with coeliac disease exposed to gluten challenge: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;4:948-959. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30264-X.

Johansson J, Hirvonen J, Lovró Z, Ekblad L, Kaasinen V, Rajasilta O, Helin S, Tuisku J, Sirén S, Pennanen M, Agrawal A, Crystal R, Vainio PJ, Alho H, Scheinin M. Intranasal naloxone rapidly occupies brain mu-opioid receptors in human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44:1667-1673. doi: 10.1038/s41386-019-0368-x.

Hellberg S, Silvola JMU, Liljenbäck H, Kiugel M, Eskola O, Hakovirta H, Hörkkö S, Morisson-Iveson V, Hirani E, Saukko P, et al. Amyloid-Targeting PET Tracer [18F]Flutemetamol Accumulates in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Molecules. 2019; 24(6):1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061072

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